Electoral Process in Nigeria - 3559 Words

Elections in Nigeria are nothing but dramatised rituals that seek to legitimate the power structure of the ruling class By NGOVE, PETER PEVER Being an M. Sc seminar presentation in the department of Political Science, Benue State University, Makurdi. ABSTRACT The concept of election has been defined in this work as the process by which the people choose their leaders. Nigeria’s democratic experience has been faced with the question of credibility of our electoral process and elections. In other words, our elections have been challenged as not been free and fair. This has posed serious legitimacy question for our leaders .This paper has briefly assessed elections in Nigeria with particular emphasis on the recent ones(i.e†¦show more content†¦This definition places the people in a central position in deciding who governs and it goes to suggest that election is very crucial in all democratic settings and its survival. 1.2 Functions of Elections in Democracy and Conditions for functional elections The primary function of election as rightly observed by Olaitan in Onu (2005, p.44) is to enable the realisation of the classical requirement of involving everybody in governance under democracy. Put differently, it is only through election that the main requirement of modern democracy, which states that ‘the power of governance be vested in and derived from the people could be realised. An Internet source, webcache.googleusercontent.com (2010) identifies three important functions of election in a democracy, as well as the conditions required to be satisfied for election to contribute positively to the making and sustenance of democracy. These include: 1) Supplying legitimacy (i.e. acceptance of the right of public officials to hold office and to promulgate policies because of the means by which they were chosen). 2) Solving Principal – Agent problems 3) Ensuring governmental responsiveness. Elaborating on the functions, the source provides that, for legitimacy to be ensured, the following conditions are necessary: i) Acceptance ofShow MoreRelatedThe History And Downfalls Of Nigeria Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pages Nigeria has been a democracy since 1999 when the military handed over government power to elected officials. Since then, the countries electoral system has experienced many upsets and downfalls. This transition has been anything but smooth with large amounts of corruption within the country s political and socio-economic system. Due to the ineffectiveness of governance, it has been extremely difficult for Nigeria to effectively democratize. In order to improve Nigeria’s corrupt electoral systemRead More Fraudulent Elections: A Look at Russia, Iran and Nigeria1626 Words   |  7 Pagesobvious corruption and fraud involved in the presidential elections over the last few years in Russia, Iran, and Nigeria expose the reality of the situations. In examining the election processes of these three countries, one can clearly see that the electoral body is not independent of the party in power. The poor electoral processes have snowballed into a legitimacy crisis in Nigeria and full- fledged riots in Russia and Iran; though the authorities were able to repress these public demonstrationsRead MoreNigeria And Keny Corruption Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the last 10 years, Nigeria and Kenya have been partly free. Corruption is the greatest indicator among both for the lack of democracy. In Nigeria, corruption stems from the problem with oil, it leads to political violence, repression and unchecked government power. In Kenya, corruption arises from economic interests, causing political instability and hindering development. In addition to that, both experience electoral corruption. Conversely, civil societies active participation in theRead MoreCorruption In Nigeria Essay examples1156 Words   |  5 Pagesis prevalent in the Niger delta region of Nigeria; public officers in this oil producing state of Nigeria are corrupt. 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He listed conditionsRead MoreAp Comparative Government Summer Assignment1107 Words   |  5 Pagesof law is necessary. 10. Common sources of authoritarian breakdown include poor economic performance and leadership struggles. 11. Democracy from above (â€Å"top-down† democratization): Electoral competition and political freedoms introduced by the current rulers, sometimes gradually, like Mexico in the 1990s. This process involves elaborate negotiation between rulers and political opponents. 12. Democracy from below (â€Å"bottom-up† democratization): In some countries, democratic reforms have been pressedRead MoreEssay about elections and democracy1559 Words   |  7 Pagesthe ousted of Egyptian Hosni Mubarak and the killing of Muamar Gaddafi after a six-month war between the Gaddafi loyalists and the anti-Gadhafi fighters assisted by NATO. However, while this was taking place, other countries like Zambia, Congo DR, Nigeria, Liberia were also exercising their obligation of having other leaders not by violence but by the ballot. The countries which fought hard to remove long-rule-leaders wanted to just as other countries have the freedom to choose their leaders in anRead MoreComparison of Mexico and Nigeria Essay1933 Words   |  8 PagesUniversity The Adventure to Democracy In the midst of the prevalence of democratic transitions, a number of developing countries are seeking to achieve the successful consolidation of civil order in modern days. Among those participants, Mexico and Nigeria has been spotlighted for the completely contrastive endings at the end of their long-adventures towards democratization since their independence; Mexico, from its independence, has maintained the political stability despite the authoritarian single-partyRead MoreTHE POWER OF YOUR VOTE:A CATALYST FOR A STABLE AND UNITED NIGERIA900 Words   |  4 PagesTHE POWER OF YOUR VOTE:A CATALYST FOR A STABLE AND UNITED NIGERIA Everyone is familiar with the term voting. Many people have different meanings and perspectives of voting. Some might put it as the power of your voice,others that it is the ability to choose a good leader,and so many other ideas. For me as a person, I believe it is the access to chose a leader who you believe will lift,move and facilitate growth and create better societyRead MorePolitical Corruption And Its Effect On Society Essay1667 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinition, corruption is the â€Å"dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people† (Dictionary). In this paper, I will be focusing on political corruption and the conditions in which it is more likely to be severe. Also, I will be using Nigeria as a case study to show the effect of political corruption and discuss possible anti-corruption campaign that have been used and would discuss how effective or ineffective they’ve been. Sheriff Folarin in his article defined Political

Early Childhood Obervations in a Daycare Fascility

During the first part of the semester in Human Development Family Studies 102 we have been discussing vital information about all stages of life from womb to tomb and all parts of life in between. One of the most important stages in one’s life is early childhood when he or she is developing into the person that they will be when they enter the tomb so to speak. For this particular study I was sent to go observe the Palmer day care center located on Iowa State’s University to be able to see first hand the stages in life that different age groups are in, weather it’s the child’s physical, emotional, cognitive, language, or social developments that are lacking for the child’s age of above par for the child’s age. In the paper to come I will be describing my observations for two different age groups. The two groups that I observed were the infant program and the three to five-year-old room. The stages of life those two simple years can do for a y oung child is quite remarkable. From going to barely walking and or talking to running around and screaming asking questions and playing with the teacher. 2. The first group that I observed was the infant room where the children that were in this room were just starting to gain their physical development. For starters one may ask what physical development is. According to McGraw-Hill â€Å"all senses and body systems operate at birth to a varying degrees. The brain grows in complexity and is highly sensitive to environmental influence,

Role of Emissions in Climate Change Policy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Role of Emissions in Climate Change Policy. Answer: Introduction Currently, there are no universally accepted standards of accounting for emission allowances in organizations. There is no accepted method of measuring and recognizing emission allowances and this has created a misunderstanding on the standards for accounting for this item in the financial report. However, this has not prevented organizations from trading and developing carbon markets. Many countries especially in Europe, South Korea, and Australia have made significant steps in trying to set uniform emission allowance measurement standards for companies in their countries (Skjrseth Eikeland, 2013). The definitions given by the Global accounting standards body indicates that carbon allowances should be treated as assets since they are resource being controlled by the organization and they have economic value. A proposal for revision on the regulation of financial instrumentsrecognizes emissions as part of an organizations instruments of finance.(Fusaro James, 2013). When it comes t o accounting, allowances from emissions are not treated as financial instruments.. The report discusses the emission allowances and provides justification for the discussions that follows. The report evaluates the measurement of emission allowances and the journal entries for this transaction are entered to illustrate how the instruments are accounted for. The final section of the report discusses the consequences of allowances issued on emissions on the financial statements which includes the balance sheet, income statement and the statement of cash flow. The first reason European Commission has established that classification of the emission allowances for accounting reasons depends on the criteria set by recognized accounting standards body only(Perkins, 2011). Since no accounting standards body has been able to put in place strategies to account for the emission allowances in financial reports. The U.S GAAP has established uniform systems of accounting which provides guidance to companies to account for emission allowance. It provides that emission allowances should be reported at historical cost and are classified as inventory in the balance sheet. Allowances that are being bought are recorded at the buying price while those received from EPA are recorded at zero price. Weighted average cost method is recommended and the calculations should be done on a monthly. The financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) works hand in hand International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) to solve the issue of accounting for carbon emission schemes (Antes, Hansju?rgens, Letmathe, 2006). In USA certain companies mostly in the power and energy industries which are viewed as contributing greatly to pollution are needed to engage in established programs on emissions. The absence of a clearly defined strategy and methods for measuring the emission credits has resulted to the rise of the following practices in various industries; renewable energy certificates, emission offsets and credit on emissions. Accounting for emission credits or allowances In a survey conducted in USA for publicly registered companies with yearly revenues of between $1.1 billion and $100 billion between Jan 2009 and September 2009(Taticchi,Carbone Albino, 2013). Of all the companies registered in this program, more than 29 companies indicated that they had an accounting policy related to emission credits. One of the models used in accounting for carbon emission allowances is intangible assets accounting model. The companys measure emission credits and allowances issued to them and bought in the market by comparing with the cost of emissions. If a company is therefore issued with emission credits, it has a nominal zero cost. When a company buys carbon credits, it has costs associated with them which are the buying price of the carbon credits (Watchman, 2008). Under this technique, it is possible to value emission credits that have been issued at a fair value immediately they are received. Emission credits are subject to impairment under the intangible assets model impairment model and the assets that are fixed model to the point of amortization of the carbon credits (Newell, Boykoff Boyd, 2012). The carbon credits can also be accounted for under the inventory model. Under this model, the emission credits are measured using the weighted-average cost. Emission credits issued by relevant bodies in charge of carbon credits have zero costs attached to them. Weighted average cost of carbon emissions for a particularly period of time is valued by estimating the cost of fuel. Under this model, the emission allowances are ranked as inventory in a companys balance sheet and in the cash flow statements, they are classified as operating activities. The emission credits are also accounted as liability and gain recognition. In this, a company does nor recognize the obligation to deliver carbon credits to concerned bodies until the real level of carbon emissions for a particular period is more than the credit recorded on the balance sheet. A gain is usually recognized in the period in which the credits have been sold. Some companies however defers the income if the emissions were given for a future vintage year and they happen to be sold in the current year (Chen, Liu Hua, 2013). The gain in this case is considered as not realized since the company may fail to cover its emissions in the future vintage year due to the credits sold in the previous year. In accounting vintage year changes, all emissions have years of vintage allocated to them. Allowances that have not be used are transferred to future years. This practice is common because government agencies I charge of issuing emission allowances issue for many years simultaneously and hence need to exchange allowances between the years. Examples of emission allowance journal entries using various methods Details Debit Credit Allowances 10 Income differed 10 If a company receives 1000 tonnes of emission allowances, then the total value of emission allowance is (100010) =$10,000. This amount will be credited as income as emissions allowance. If the government offers companies in an industry a grant of 3.5 tonnes. It will be recorded as follows; Details Debit Credit Deferred earning in form of gov grant 2.5 Income Statement 2.5 The company recognizes income from the government grant that is equal to the cost of emissions and hence (2.51.2) Details Debit Credit Record on income statement (expense) 4 Liability due to emission 4 The company recognizes responsibility for emission and credits it on the income statement. Settling of obligation Details Debit Credit liability on emissions 20 Emission allowance 20 Settlement of the liability due to carbon pollution and delivery of allowances during the financial period indicated Accounting using the revaluation model Details Debit credit Issued allowances 20 Differed income from sale of allowance 20 End of 2014 year with a price of $14 Details Debit Credit Allowances 2 Equity (revaluation surplus) 2 If a company recognizes increase in the value of emission allowances it has by1,000 and the price per ton has increased to $14 from $12 then:` Details Debit Credit Transferred income 2.5 Record on statement of income 2.5 The company should recognize as income the government grant when the cost of emissions is calculated and it exceeds the grant (Brebbia, Longhurst Popov, 2011). Details Debit Credit Expense emissions 6 Emission burden(liability) 6 The company recognizes the burden for emission (4,000 ton /4 x 1= 1000 ton x 12 =12000). The burden on emission in this case is calculated at fair value. Consequences of emission allowances on financial statements The recording of emission allowances affects financial statement in various ways. The first reason why they affect financial statements is that they may bring a new aspect in the recording of financial information. The following is an evaluation of the consequences of emission allowances on specific financial records: Currently held emission allowances should be recorded as assets on the balance sheet. This is because a company expects to derive future benefits from holding an allowance since it will enable the company to produce high amount of GHG in the production of goods and services (Bostan, 2009). Furthermore, a company may decide to sell the allowance and generate cash which is an asset for the business. A purchase of emission allowance by a company should be recorded as an allowance asset. It increases the allowance asset and reduces the cash asset on the balance sheet. If it is on credit, it increases accounts payable. When a company uses the emission allowance by emitting the quantity of emission authorized, the allowance asset should be decreased to indicate a reduction in an asset. A corresponding allowance expense should be recorded to decrease net income in the income statement of the company. This is listed as the cost of pollution in most income statements of companies. Companies should make adjustments at the end of the year to the carrying value allowance asset accounts to bring it to the market value. Increase in price in the market, the Allowance asset account should be increased by the change in price(Daniel Lieberman, 2010).The equity account named Unrealized gain on Allowances of the company should also be increased by same amount (Bonham Ernst Young. 2008). When a company emits more carbon than its current allowance held. It should be recorded as an accrued expense which is a liability for the business. The company will then need to pay a fine or purchase additional carbon credits. Conclusion The report evaluates and describes the subject of emissions allowances. Emissions allowances is becoming popular means of ensuring environmental sustainability through the counting of carbon foot prints which can then be sold to other producers. This report evaluates the accounting methods used to account for emissions among various companies in different countries. There are no universally accepted standards on accounting for emission allowances and therefore the standards and accounting practices in this regard. Some of the common and most popular methods used by companies vary from country and a company has a choice on which accounting methods to use in this regard. One of the models used in accounting for carbon emission allowances is intangible assets accounting model. The companys measure emission credits and allowances issued to them and acquired in the market at cost and this cost is assumed to be the value of the emissions for that accounting period. The report analyzes the journal entries resulting from accounting for emissions and uses examples to illustrate how the item is recorded in the financial statement. The consequences of the emission allowances on the financial records is that they increase the emissions allowance account when they are bought and in turn decrease the cash account or accounts receivables. If emissions by a company exceed the emission allowance that a company holds, it will record it as emission allowance payable. This is a liability for the company and needs to be paid at a future date. References Antes, R., Hansju?rgens, B., Letmathe, P. (2006). Emissions trading and business. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag. Burritt, R. (2011). Environmental management accounting and supply chain management. Dordrecht: Springer. Bonham, M., Ernst Young. (2008). International GAAP 2008: Generally accepted accounting practice under International financial reporting standards. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley Sons. Bostan, I. (2009). Consideration Concerning Finanacial Statement in the Context Globalization. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1324954 Daniel Lieberman, M. (2010). Accounting for Climate Change. Springer Netherlands. Fusaro, P. C., James, T. (2013). Energy and emissions markets: Collision or convergence. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution, Brebbia, C. A., Longhurst, J. W. S., Popov, V. (2011). Air pollution XIX. Southampton, UK: WIT Press. International Conference on Low-carbon Transportation and Logistics, and Green Buildings, Chen, F., Liu, Y., Hua, G. (2013). LTLGB 2012: Proceedings of International Conference on Low-carbon Transportation and Logistics, Green Buildings, Beijing, China, October 12-13, 2012. Berlin: Springer. Jones, S., Ratnatunga, J. (2012). Contemporary issues in sustainability accounting, assurance and reporting. Bingley: Emerald Group Pub. Newell, P., Boykoff, M., Boyd, E. (2012). The New Carbon Economy: Constitution, Governance and Contestation. New York, NY: John Wiley Sons. Perkins, H. (2011). The Role of Emissions in Climate Change Policy. Hauppauge: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Skjrseth, J. B., Eikeland, P. O. (2013). Governing European industry by emissions trading: Resistance, innovation or responsibility?. Farnham: Ashgate. Taticchi, P., Carbone, P., Albino, V. (2013). Corporate sustainability. Berlin: Springer Veith, S. (2010). The EU emission trading scheme: Aspects of statehood, regulation, and accouting. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang. Watchman, P. (2008). Climate change. London: Globe Law and Business.

Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Essay Example

Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men Paper We discover about Slim’s many qualities such as his ability to bring out the secrets of others from them. This is shown in Chapter Three in which he questions George about him and Lennie going around together. Slim’s cunningness is shown not through the dialogue but through the description such as â€Å"Slims’ calm invitation to confidence† which reveals to us that he made George comfortable. The writer shows that this is what leads George to continue talking. The reason why Slim wants to find out more about George and Lennie’s relationship is that he finds it odd that two people are going to places together. Slim knows that George wants to talk and after he begins, he knows that he can be â€Å"receptive† which is why he believes that he does not need to encourage George into saying more. The writer reveals Slim’s intelligence in this scene and his superiority in the sense that he was able to bring out the past of George. This becomes useful in the next scene with Candy’s Dog and how he is key to the decision in the end. Slim’s qualities of being attentive and a good listener are further emphasised through the words â€Å"Godlike†Ã¢â‚¬  and the repetition of the words â€Å"calmly†. We also find out about George in this section and his past. We will write a custom essay sample on Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Slim and George in chapter 3 of Of Mice and Men specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The fact that he used to bully Lennie by making him do random things for entertainment shows how he is not perfect either although he does regret his past. George answers â€Å"defensively† when Slim asks him about his relationship with Lennie. He believes that there is nothing wrong with this although he does know it is not that common. However, he then begins to reveal the past. The same characteristic of him is again shown when Candy asks them about the land that they want to buy. George begins by talking defensively but then eventually begins to reveal more about the piece of land. George â€Å"wanting to talk† to Slim about the past shows how he wanted to share his past and concerns with others rather than be lonely as he could not tell anyone about Lennie and the girl in Weed. This also reflects the reason for which he goes to places with Lennie which is they get lonely and they become sad. George says this to Slim â€Å". guys that go around ranches. That ain’t no good†. Although the reader first feels that Lennie needs George to look after him, we find out here that George needs Lennie for company. Lennie’s past with a women in Weed is a foreshadow what will happen in the end. The writer brings this story here to tell us the reason for which George and Lennie moved ranches and also to warn the reader of what is to come. This is then developed on with the attack on Curley, the puppy dying and then finally Curley’s wife’s death. The atmosphere in this scene is very significant in setting the mood for the conversation. Firstly, we are told about â€Å"the evening brightness† outside and the â€Å"dusk† inside which represent the happy relationship we seem to see between George and Lennie and how it never used to be like this before with the â€Å"dusk† inside. The dusk setting also shows that the coming up scene is negative. The pool of light also focuses on the two characters giving importance to them in the scene. This is used to focus the scene more on George as he becomes the one that talks more. Slim â€Å"moved back slightly so that the light was not on his face†. This was also used to show that he did not want George to see his facial expression during the question as he did not want to give away his intention for asking. Jeya Packiarajah 11X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE John Steinbeck section. Download this essay Print Save Not the one?

how to fail Essay

how to fail Essay how to fail Essay Learning Experiences The image which stuck out to me to was about a boy feeling the headstone of a relative. The good outcomes which involve learning experiences are wished upon at all times but sometimes do not occur. This boy is going to have a new learning experience after the horrible outcome of his relative. Depending on how close the boy was with the relative, the boy will have more emotional issues which he is going to have to learn to control either by himself or by a third party. However, this learning experience is going to be better for him because he now will learn how to respond from this situation which will most likely occur in the future. As a result, some values which will be taught during his learning experience are to be more independent, discovering a new identity, and knowing more of his emotional/mental psyche. Schools do a fantastic job of teaching you courses about subjects which will benefit you as an employee or a caregiver. One example would be accounting in which you could mak e your profession but at the same time, useful when doing your taxes. However, some of the most treasured values cannot be taught at school but through experience. Will Smith once said, â€Å"The things that have been most valuable to me I did not learn in school†. In this case, there are values being taught to this boy through the experience of his relative’s death. You cannot learn to discover a new identity and control his emotional/mental psyche at school but instead,

Zheng He and the Treasure Fleet Timeline

Zheng He and the Treasure Fleet Timeline Zheng He is justly famous as the commander in chief of seven voyages of Ming Chinas treasure fleet, between 1405 and 1433. The great Muslim eunuch admiral spread the word of Chinas wealth and power as far as Africa and brought countless emissaries and exotic goods back to China. Timeline June 11, 1360- Zhu Di born, fourth son of future Ming Dynasty founder. Jan. 23, 1368- Ming Dynasty founded. 1371- Zheng He born to Hui Muslim family in Yunnan, under birth name of Ma He. 1380- Zhu Di made Prince of Yan, sent to Beijing. 1381- Ming forces conquer Yunnan, kill Ma Hes father (who was still loyal to the Yuan Dynasty) and capture the boy. 1384- Ma He is castrated and sent to serve as a eunuch in the Prince of Yans household. June 30, 1398-July 13, 1402- Reign of the Jianwen Emperor. August 1399- Prince of Yan rebels against his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor. 1399- Eunuch Ma He leads Prince of Yans forces to victory at Zheng Dike, Beijing. July 1402- Prince of Yan captures Nanjing; the Jianwen Emperor (probably) dies in palace fire. July 17, 1402- The Prince of Yan, Zhu Di, becomes the Yongle Emperor. 1402-1405- Ma He serves as Director of Palace Servants, the highest eunuch post. 1403- Yongle Emperor orders the construction of a huge fleet of treasure junks at Nanjing. Feb. 11, 1404- Yongle Emperor awards Ma He the honorific name Zheng He. July 11, 1405-Oct. 2 1407- First voyage of the Treasure Fleet, led by Admiral Zheng He, to Calicut, India. 1407- Treasure Fleet defeats pirate Chen Zuyi at Straights of Malacca; Zheng He takes pirates to Nanjing for execution. 1407-1409- Second Voyage of Treasure Fleet, again to Calicut. 1409-1410- Yongle Emperor and Ming army battle the Mongols. 1409-July 6, 1411- Third Voyage of Treasure Fleet to Calicut. Zheng He intervenes in a Ceylonese (Sri Lankan) succession dispute. Dec. 18, 1412-August 12, 1415- Fourth Voyage of the Treasure Fleet to the Straits of Hormuz, on the Arabian Peninsula. Capture of the pretender Sekandar in Semudera (Sumatra) on return trip. 1413-1416- Yongle Emperors second campaign against the Mongols. May 16, 1417- Yongle Emperor enters the new capital city at Beijing, leaves Nanjing forever. 1417-August 8, 1419- Fifth Voyage of the Treasure Fleet, to Arabia and East Africa. 1421-Sept. 3, 1422- Sixth Voyage of the Treasure Fleet, to East Africa again. 1422-1424- Series of campaigns against the Mongols, led by the Yongle Emperor. Aug. 12, 1424- Yongle Emperor suddenly dies of a possible stroke while fighting the Mongols. Sept. 7, 1424- Zhu Gaozhi, the eldest son of the Yongle Emperor, becomes the Hongxi Emperor. Orders a stop to the Treasure Fleet voyages. May 29, 1425- The Hongxi Emperor dies. His son Zhu Zhanji becomes the Xuande Emperor. June 29, 1429- The Xuande Emperor orders Zheng He to take one more voyage. 1430-1433- Seventh and final Voyage of the Treasure Fleet travels to Arabia and East Africa. 1433, Exact date unknown- Zheng He dies and is buried at sea on the return leg of the seventh and  final voyage. 1433-1436- Zheng Hes companions Ma Huan, Gong Zhen and Fei Xin publish accounts of their travels.

NURSES' RESPONSIBILITY in the Prevention of Medication Errors Assignment

NURSES' RESPONSIBILITY in the Prevention of Medication Errors - Assignment Example ‘‘The problem of medication errors can be avoided only when the nurses take a keen interest on their jobs by being highly skilled in their profession’’ (Joint Commission Resources, Inc. 2001, 13). Nurses Responsibility in the Prevention of Medication Errors Have you ever imagined a world where there are no nurses? Individuals would be succumbing to deaths from various causes like injuries to sickness. Nurses’ role can never be underestimated as they play a significant part in saving lives in both public and hospital hospitals since in most cases medication errors leads to ‘‘complex sorrows’’ (Cohen, 2007, 50). This essay discusses nurses’ responsibility in the prevention of medications errors. One of the duties of a nurse is the administration of drugs. Even when the other processes of treatment have been properly completed, wrong administration of drugs can lead to serious problems to the patient. ‘‘Some o f the worst medication errors involve some of the best and experienced practitioners’’ (Cohen, 2007, 49) It is therefore necessary for the nurse to ensure that the drugs reach the patient through the correct route. An example, oral liquid medications meant for administration through a gastric tube have been given intravenously ear drops have been instilled in the eye and eye drops in the ear (Joint Commission Resources, Inc. 2001). Another role of the nurse is patient education. It is the responsibility of the nurse to educate their patients on safe medication use. The patient should be fully aware of what each of the medications are for, the way they should be taken, how it appears, and how they functions to be to help reduce the likelihood of medication errors. Nurses should, therefore, counsel and educate their patients about their medications at all times. Since nurses administer medicines and injections to patients; they are also bound to ensure that there are no dose miscalculations to help reduce medication errors. Dose miscalculations are extremely common medications drugs administered intravenously and medications used for pediatric patients. Studies have shown that errors in dose calculations in pediatric, are not only common but also fatal: mistakes of 10 fold or more happen up to 1.5% of the time (Joint Commission Resources, Inc. 2001). Nurses should accurately apply the three methods before administering doses to their patients to prevent medication errors. They are the basic formula which is commonly used by nurses in most hospitals, ratio and proportion methods which is outdated as it was used before the advent of technology, and the fractional calculation method. Accurate administration of calculated doses assist in the medication administration process as it leads to better quality information with which a doctor or nurse should prescribe a treatment. Nurses are also tasked with admitting and discharging patients; therefore, they are expected to get the information regarding the patients’ history and other medical details. This information is helpful in cases where the patient has an allergy to the same medication he is to be put on. ‘Failure by the nurse to take correct history of allergy can lead to serious problems in the event of administration of drugs that causes allergic reactions to the patient’. The Lesar and colleagues study on factors associated with prescribing errors found out that the allergy to drug rate was 11.7%, a

Social Media for Small to Medium Enterprises Essay

Social Media for Small to Medium Enterprises - Essay Example There is a variety of social media sites such as Facebook, YouTube, LinkedIn, Twitter, which provide significant stages for small businesses to grow their businesses through converting the connections to potential clients (Safko, 2012, p. 28). They are also very important elements that the businesses can take advantage of in the process of handling their customer care services. When the businesses engage with their clients on the social media platforms, the connections assist them in appreciating the needs of the customers better and enhancing their service delivery. Modern drivers for change have been able to assist in the development of innovative features that assist in sustaining business competitiveness in areas that include creative design, virtual enterprises, social networks as well as mobile platforms. These reactions require tools that are based on information technology elements, the escalation of information content and a team that is very creative. Any small or medium enterprise wishing to enhance its accomplishment in the information industry should possess a critical understanding and an approach for addressing this relatively new environment. The internet has been able to come up with new functionalities that encompass real time business dynamics and relations, which are very important for the enterprises. If there is no regular improvement of the process that is used in managing this, it would rapid develop a paralysis since building the software systems that specifically address this can be a very intricate task. The software will need many people who are professionals and consultants simply to manage it generating the necessity of the small and medium enterprises to come up with a way to help them organize their data. The organization of these data by the small or medium enterprises should be in a smaller scale and cheaper to avoid having to hire expensive consultants or having to pay for consulting contracts. Businesses and companies

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer Essay Example for Free

Almost One of the Gods. The Odyssey, by Homer Essay An epic hero is one who does not act irrationally and contemplates his actions and their implications. Odysseus, of Homers The Odyssey, is an appropriate epic hero because he embodies the values of bravery, intelligence, astuteness, and competency. Numerous examples are found throughout The Odyssey. Such illustrations include Odysseus conflict with the Cyclops, the Sirens, and Scylla and Charybdis. First, Odysseus proves that he is a mortal laudable of being dubbed an epic hero during his conflict with the Cyclops. Odysseus shows evidence of his intellectual abilities by first devising a plan to disable the Cyclops and then by cleverly telling the Cyclops that his name is Noman. Odysseus exemplifies his physical strength by putting his plan into action and ramming a monstrous spear into the Cyclops eye. Later, when the Cyclops calls for help, he says that Noman is doing harm to him. Another event in which Odysseus displays his physical and intellectual abilities is during his passing of the Sirens. Odysseus shows that he has wisdom by listening to the goddess Circes advice and putting wax into his crews ears so they will not take notice of the Sirens and try to swim across the ocean to them. He also has his crew lash him to the mast so he can listen to the Sirens without being able to jump out of the boat. This incident also tells of Odysseus physical force because when he attempts to free himself from the mast the crewmen have to fasten him down even tighter. Finally, Odysseus confirms his great intellectual aptitudes by getting past Scylla and Charybdis. Odysseus, following Circes instructions, avoids Charybdis, and chooses the side of the six-headed monster, Scylla. Odysseus recognizes that the six-headed beast is too large for him to mà ªlà ©e with and rows very swiftly, successfully surpassing it. In conclusion, Odysseus is a perfect example of an epic hero. Odysseus has all of the traits of an epic hero. He has verified these qualities in many intricate situations in which he always gets out of and is always prepared for.

Simulation Essay -- essays research papers

Analysis of the Stock Market Simulation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are many risks that people take in their lives. Yet, investing in the stock market is one of the riskiest things to do. All the money that has been saved over years, possibly saved over a lifetime, could all be lost in the blink of an eye. The Great Depression was triggered by the most well-known stock market crash in history, another crash happened in 1987, and one could happen any moment. However, people invest to make money and through this simulation strategies and a basic understanding were compiled to get a perspective on the risk and tasks involved in investing.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although not one of the high-ranking people in the class, the outcome of the simulation was not a bad one. I lost about five-hundred and seventy dollars. Yet, I could have done much worse. If I had invested the money in a CD or a savings account, rather than in the stock market, I would never have lost any money to begin with. In a CD or a savings account, there is a fixed interest rate and so your money always increases. There is also a fixed rate of return, whatever money you put into the bank, whenever you want to take it out it is there. Yet when investing in the stock market there is not set rate of return. In the simulation, my rate of return on the stocks that I invested in was -3.43% (for six months). Even though I lost money, I did better than I thought I would have done in the simulation. Going into the project I knew nothing and I adjusted and began to understand and succeed towards the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While investing in the stock market at the beginning of the simulation, I would pick well-known companies, such as Wal-mart or Exxon- Mobil, to invest in. Yet, as the simulation continues and I kept dropping the rankings, I decided a change of pace was necessary. To make sure that I was investing in the right stocks, I would view the portfolio of the person in first or second in the rankings and invest in whatever investments seem to work for them. In some cases they worked for me and in some cases they turned out not to be so good. Usually, the person in first or second place was able to cheat the system and split their stocks. Since I don’t know how to do that, they would sometimes split the stock that I had invested in, so for me the stock wouldn’t do me ... ...mpletely foreign to me when we began the simulation. Yet, after the simulation is complete and the unit is tied up I have a better understanding of the language. I might not understand how to split a stock on the simulation, but I know why it is a good thing and what would happen if I did it. I know now to buy to cover when I short sell stocks. The most important thing I took out of the simulation though was not the language. Although useful, it was learning and experiencing, a little bit, of the risk involved in investing in stock. If I had not learned about the stock market, or the risk involved, I could have invested in the future and lost all my life savings. Or I could have not done it and missed out on making a lot of money.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although the simulation was helpful and I learned a lot from it, there were times when I did not even look at the website. There was a long time when I didn’t make any transactions and I know that went for the whole class too. In the future, maybe it might me better if you had to make a certain amount of transactions per week, because it is a project and there is learning that needs to be done. And sometimes, there wasn’t.

African philosophy Essay

In a class there is a learner with low interpersonal skills. The learner is withdrawn and doesn’t seem to be integrating with other learners in class activities. The key point as a teacher is how to encourage the learner to be more self-confident in and out of a classroom environment. The issue for the learner may be behavioural, a home issue or a negative attitude, causing the inability for the learner to work with peers in the classroom. The method of counselling would be applied through African philosophy. The focus placed on the learner by giving him/her a deeper understanding of themselves and to build a sense of community in the classroom. Hopefully this may establish an identity and give the learner the ability to approach life in a holistic manner. The teaching style applied may be contributing to the non-involvement of the learner. An indication would be made to the learner to understand that they cannot exist alone. Thus building a better out-look for the learner thr ough the teachings of African philosophy embodied in the word Ubuntu, which means humanity. African philosophy is focused on a joint well-being of that community. The individual can be Umuntu because of that community. â€Å"No man is an island†. An individual is who they are because of past generations and people around them in that community. African philosophy is about being able to build communities and give people a sense of identity and a sense of belonging. In many ways it encourages individuals within that structure to be humble and also allows one to have a profounder acceptance of ourselves. African Philosophy enables one to enquire about the importance of tradition and the values they equip an individual with. The concept Ubuntu is a focal point in African philosophy, which cannot just be reduced to tradition practices. African philosophy is a technique to adjust one’s life, which is focused on a western way of existence. It enables that individual to simplify the human experience. African philosophy is embodied by religious and moral beliefs of the African people as a continent. By any means this concept shouldn’t be watered down to a simple form. It embodies the views on life and methods or ability to question its own traditions. This philosophy gives us insight on what it is that makes us human beings. Ethno-philosophy contains communal customs, which enables Africans to be Africans. (poems, taboos and  religions). In my mind this is what gives specific cultures their identity and a sense of pride. The questions of who I am and where do I come from, easy to answers. The oral tradition of izithakazelo gives a lot of African people identity and family history. I am who I am because of my community. Henceforth â€Å"Umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu† Sage philosophy is gear for indigenous thinkers, who didn’t have the benefit of modern education although they are thought to be critical thinkers. They are able to use their judgement based on an inborn insight and understanding of their environment. These are the people who question the authority of those in power in specific communities. It allows decision and ideas to be thought out and critical looked at to see what will benefit the community. As a country it is vital we develop critical thinking at all levels of education and society. Allowing us a country to questions ideas, that makes states function. These people specifically in South Africa are thought to be problem causes as they have views which differ from those in authority and communities. The critical thinkers represent those who cannot voice their views because of fear or any other oppression methods. The capacity to scrutinize your surrounding and have the understanding  certain components will not benefit the great community. We continue using methods of western civilization and see the effects they have at higher levels of society and expect them as the norm. If we live in Africa we need to focus upon things that set us apart. African philosophy should be introduced at schools. This would help learners acquire critical thinking skills and give them a sense of community. The principles of African philosophy are also adapted by leaders who have been educated in western philosophy such as empiricism, existentialism and existentialism. Thus as unique African philosophy maybe or can be connected to elements of western teachings. Critical thinking in essences is investigating consistent and suitable understanding of the world. The saying that says information is power, although that information has to be insightful and instil skilful thinking that helps an individual to understand what to believe or how to react. An individual that think  critical is able to inquire by asking the correct questions and is able to logically reason through information. They are then able to reach unfailing and dependable answer about the world and environment. Critical thinkers are able to look for issues that have a great imbalance, ask questions and present answers that may challenge the old ways and systems in place. In general most people are geared to be led and there fore don’t challenge authority figures in their societies. One downfall is those individuals aren’t able to think for themselves and tend to drift with the stream and rely upon those in power. To be a critical thinker gives you the ability to be an individual in society who contributes and has an understanding of what makes the society function. The advantages instilling into individuals is a sense of community and how one should be governed and led. At the core of this philosophy is Ubuntu that focuses on caring, sharing and forgiveness. Humans exist and grow by developing relationships with others. â€Å"I am because you are† Things western may not be suited for all Africans or Africa. The sad case is most Africans have adapted the western life style and the sense of Ubuntu has lost meaning especially with the youth. The disadvantage of the African philosophy is that it doesn’t challenge power structures and is unable to accept women and men as equals. It doesn’t encourage critical thinking and ignores the needs of the individual and accepts cruel superstitious practices. African society tends to have strong beliefs in the natural and supernatural and doesn’t differentiate between the two. (e.g. female circumcision and witch hunts) Bibliography Higgs, P & Smith, J. 2013 reprint. Rethinking our world. Cape Town: Juta. W. Lawrence Neuman. 1997,1994,1991. Social research methods. 160 Gould street, Needham Heights, Ma 02194. Allyn & Bacon.

Modern Day Discrimination Essay

Gender inequality is the most important issue society faces today. This is the unfair difference in the way people are treated based on their gender. There are many places where this injustice occurs. The most detrimental is where people spend a large portion of their time, which is the workplace. The workplace must not be viewed as only a traditional job, but also things such as being a wife or a mother. Society must improve gender equality in the workplace in order for all people to feel likely to succeed. Military wives are viewed as supporters, rather than equals who can also be successful. A group of authors elaborate on the issue, â€Å"the military wife has traditionally had an important and recognized role in military life, providing the necessary support and care that contributed towards the success of her husband’s career† (Rosen, Knudson and Fancher 327). All people, male or female, need not only to be treated the same, but viewed the same if society is going to grow. Women are put in a group that does not allow them to have a rewarding life without a husband. This teaches young women that they need a man in their life to be successful. Which could lead to poor decisions or premature and failed marriages. Women who do attempt to be successful on their own are not given the credit they deserve for building a life on their own. This is proven in volume 16 of Gender, Work and Organization, â€Å"Women are typically viewed as ‘honorary men’ or ‘flawed women’ for attempting to participate in fields traditionally dominated by men† (Powell, Bagilhole and Dainty 412). Women who strive to have success in male dictated professions are not seen as strong people but rather weak women or women who act like men. These women are stronger than most for stepping outside the normal range of female jobs. If women find themselves resembling men more than usual to be successful, it will take away from the diversity of society. This can be corrected by accepting that anybody can perform his or her job just as well as anyone else . Women are not given equal opportunities to obtain employment positions for sexist reasons. Maryn Oyoung shares her thoughts one the issue of discriminatory hiring, â€Å"Men and women should be allowed to compete freely and on an equal basis in the workplace; however, current laws do not promote this idea because they do not take into account the reality that women uniquely experience the physical side effects of pregnancy† (518). Due to the simple fact that men  are physically incapable of going through the process of pregnancy, they have an advantage in the workplace as long as laws continue not to address the issue. This allows employers to discriminate against women because of the possibility of pregnancy. If women are forced to choose between a job and a family, they likely will choose family. Creating a less diverse group, which offers fewer opinions on important decisions. Most women who are able to have children are of crucial importance to the human race. Promoting the success of these women would encourage them to have children making our race more diver se and accepting. Along with the lack of equal opportunities, gender inequality in the workplace is shown through unequal pay based on gender. Browne explains the pay ratio between men and women for the same positions. â€Å"In 2010 the female-to-male annual earnings ratio in the United States was 0.77, and in 2011 the weekly earnings ratio was 0.82† (786). Men are unrightfully being paid more for their contributions to a business than women. Even if those contributions are identical to those of women. This can discourage women from following their dreams because they will not be rewarded as much for their hard work. If businesses were to pay men and women equally, it would create a more diverse workplace, which is better for the people who work in them because it forces them to understand the issues of others. While men who express strength and leadership are looked upon as role models, women who display these traits are seen as rude or uncaring. â€Å"Professional women who are judged to be competent are frequently judged to lack warmth† (Gutek 338). Strong women are treated badly because of the way they do their job; this encourages women not to be as tough. This double standard results in female leaders being too easy on their employees. This can cause them possibly to lose their job or lead an unsuccessful business. If people were judged solely on their performance, more strong female leaders would emerge. Women are raised in such a way that they do not see their own potential, which contributes to the ongoing inequality. â€Å"Over ninety percent of receptionists (92.5%), dieticians and nutritionists (92.6%), registered nurses (90.5%), and preschool and kindergarten teachers (97%) are female† (Browne 789). Women are taught from a young age that they have jobs they will perform and men have jobs they will do. The media and current generations constantly preach this idea. Creating an endless cycle of inequality. The most effective way to combat this would be to alter the  way people approach teaching their children abo ut the workplace. If this were to be accomplished, society would be a place where any person could do or be anything they desire without worrying about what others think because those others would feel the same way. Young women are raised only to please men rather than build prosperous lives of their own. In â€Å"Girl,† Jamaica Kincaid offers a dialogue between a mother and her daughter. â€Å"This is how to behave in the presence of men who don’t know you very well† (385). Some women are raised only to please men, while men such as myself are never taught the importance of pleasing women at a young age. Rather, young men are taught how to be successful in the workplace. Since men are raised this way, they are instantly put at an advantage in their careers. If young boys and girls were raised in a more similar way, it would increase the equality in the workplace. This would allow all people to have the same opportunities, no matter their gender. Women are forced into jobs that turn them into objects rather than individuals. In â€Å"Two Ways A Woman Can Get Hurt,† Jean Kilbourne provides multiple examples of women be dehumanized through advertisement. â€Å"Men conq uer and women ensnare, always with the essential aid of a product† (420). The jobs of the women in provocative advertisements is only to excite men into looking at their advertisement. A consequence of this is that these men will hopefully notice what the advertisement was about and remember it because of the objectified women in the ad. In many cases, this is the only job available to these women because of the way they were raised. If more women were raised in a way that forced them to understand that they are just as valuable, if not more valuable as any man, they would expect that they will be allowed equal opportunities and would accept nothing less. This would force the advertisement community to take a different approach, which would cut back on the objectification of women. Gender is also the key difference when determining job success. â€Å"Research clearly indicates that women are disproportionately overrepresented in the lowest paying occupations and that the female sex composition of occupations is negatively related to median earnings† (Jaffee 377). Women are not allowed into higher paying jobs as often as men are. Thus causing women to earn less on a yearly basis, which leads to a more stressful lifestyle. Equal job opportunities is the key to workplace equality. If a man had a female boss, he may realize that women are just as  capable as men are. Then down the road, he may be in a position of power where he would then understand that he could feel confident hiring a woman. This workplace inequality affects women not only while they work, but also as they grow old. â€Å"For most women, attitudinal and structural factors in the workplace put them at a tremendous disadvantage and render them more vulnerable than men to hardship as they age† (Barnett 25). All the factors that contribute to gender inequality in the workplace cause a severe issue for women. As they grow old, they likely will earn less pension or retirement opportunities because of the sexism displayed in modern business. This again causes women to rely on men to support them. Making it very hard for strong women to thriv e as they enter their older age. This does not only affect women though. It is a fact that on average, women live longer than men do. If men are allowed to rely on the success of women, they could feel more confident as they age as well. People who rely on statistics can argue that gender discrimination in the workplace is not a choice, but rather a natural consequence that comes with the differences in the human body. â€Å"On average, women are five inches shorter, have 55 to 60 percent less upper body strength, a higher fat-to-muscle ratio, lower bone density, and 20 percent less aerobic capacity† (Summers 74). Men defending their decisions would argue that women are not allowed different opportunities because of the physical differences between women and men. This includes certain combat situations or construction where physical strength is vital. This is not reliable because of the countless jobs that are not influenced by physical strength. Women and men are being too generalized and not examined for specific strengths. Speaking on The Department of Defense Combat Exclusion Policy, Chris and Jeannette Haynie state, â€Å"The policy institutionalizes the concept that all male Marines, based on gender alone, are capable of performing duties in the combat arms, while all female Marines similarly are not† (46). Assumptions are being made of men and women. The policy implies that all men are more capable in combat than any women are. This is an issue because it discourages women from contributing their skills and holds men to a high standard of having to be better than any women. Workplace gender inequality is the most important issue society faces. The unfair treatment leaves women forced to rely on others. This may cause women to question their choices, which leaves them at a disadvantage. If not all people are  given the same opportunities, then the progress society has made will be for nothing. When it comes to gender inequality, it is all or nothing. There is no in-between where people are almost equal. Works Cited Barnett, Rosalind Chait. â€Å"Ageism And Sexism In The Workplace.† Generations 29.3 (2005): 25- 30. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Brown, Kingsley R. â€Å"Biological Sex Differences In The Workplace: Reports Of The â€Å"End Of Men† Are Greatly Exaggerated (As Are Claims Of Women’s Continued Inequality).† Boston University Law Review 93.3 (2013): 769-794. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Gutek, Barbara A. â€Å"How Women Continue To Be Disadvantaged In The Workplace.† Analyses Of Social Issues & Public Policy 10.1 (2010): 337-339. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Haynie, Chris, and Jeannette Haynie. â€Å"Marines Or MARINES*?.† U.S. Naval Institute Proceedings 138.11 (2012): 46-51. Academic Search Complete. Web. 19 Nov. 2014. Jaffee, David. â€Å"Gender Inequality In Workplace Autonomy And Authority.† Social Science Quarterly (University Of Texas Press) 70.2 (1989): 375-390. Academic Search Complete. Web. 24 Nov. 2014. Kilbourne, Jean. â€Å"Two Ways A Woman Can Get Hurt.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 9th Edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martins. 2013. Print. Kincaid, Jamaica. â€Å"Girl.† Rereading America: Cultural Contexts for Critical Thinking and Writing. Ed. Gary Colombo, Robert Cullen, and Bonnie Lisle. 9th Edition. New York: Bedford/St. Martins. 2013. Print. Powell, Abigail, Barbara Bagilhole, and Andrew Dainty. â€Å"How Women Engineers Do And Undo Gender: Consequences For Gender Equality.† Gender, Work & Organization 16.4 (2009): 411-428. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Rosen, Leora N., Kathryn H. Knudson, and Peggy Fancher. â€Å"Cohesion And The Culture Of Hypermasculinity In U.S. Army Units.† Armed Forces & Society (0095327X) 29.3 (2003): 325-351. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Summers, Clark H. â€Å"Women.† Military Review 93.4 (2013): 71-78. Academic Search Complete. Web. 23 Nov. 2014. Oyoung, Maryn. â€Å"Until Men Bear Children, Women Must Not Bear The Costs Of Reproductive Capacity: Accommodating Pregnancy In The Workplace To Achieve Equal Employment Opportunities.† Mcgeorge Law Review 44.2 (2013): 515-542. Academic Search Complete. Web. 22 Nov. 2014.

Inflation Targeting

Inflation Targeting Free Online Research Papers In order to achieve price stability in New Zealand, the monetary policy Inflation Targeting was adopted in 1990. With the growth and success of this new strategy, Canada, the United Kingdom, Sweden, Spain and many other counties followed suit in the subsequent years ahead. Inflation targeting is an economic policy in which a monetary authority such as the European Central Bank publicly announces what they are going to do in regards hiring or lowering the inflation rate. They estimate a percentage such as 2 percent a year and make a target inflation rate, then attempt to move the actual inflation rate toward that rate. Through the use of interest rate changes and other monetary tools inflation targeting is possible. Although inflation targeting has many advantages, some countries for see the many disadvantages of low economic growth and too much rigidity. Many criticize the idea of inflation targeting and how there are disadvantages to this policy. An inflation target lacks the ability to send signals immediately to the public and then to the markets, therefore delaying signaling. The belief that inflation targeting imposes rigid rules on policymakers makes economics think there is too much rigidity. Low employment and the low growth in the economy is also a concern of some economists. Yet, the prime concern of inflation targeting does not solely focus on inflation and the potential for increased output fluctuations. Along side to the validity of these criticisms there are several advantages to inflation targeting. The stability between inflation and money is not the primary success of this policy. It is with the central bank increasing its accountability; the transparency of the policy associated with inflation targeting has made the central bank vastly accountable to the public and the government. The primary advantage of inflation targeting is keeping the inflation rate low. The countries that adopted inflation targeting have drastically reduced their rate of inflation and have kept it down till this day. By not focusing completely on inflation and keeping the inflation rate low, critics can see both sides of the advantages and disadvantages of inflation targeting. With over ten counties using this monetary policy of inflation targeting for now over twenty five years it is clear that advantages and disadvantages will arise and critics will have their say on what they think is best. Research Papers on Inflation TargetingThe Mechanics of Grading Grading SystemsAmerican Central Banking and OilDefinition of Export QuotasSexually Transmitted DiseasesInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesA Marketing Analysis of the Fast-Food RestaurantThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationGene One the Transition from Private to PublicBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe

History Essay

History Essay The first thing you should do when writing a history essay is to  study  the question very attentively and get its meaning. It may seem too obvious, but still, most history essays are off the point. The  thesis  is almost the main thing in your history essay. Usually, you may come across this term in other kinds of essays, but when it comes to history essay it is a real thesis. It should not be the assumption of your idea, or opinion or argument. It should be your thesis. Pay attention to the  logical arrangement of your essay. Bear in mind, that it is beneficial to stick to the common essay structure: Introduction Body Conclusion Try to do your best to make the introduction of your history essay straightforward and convincing. Here you should introduce your thesis and reveal the course you are going to take. Using general or specific terms present the point you were intended to prove in your essay. The body is the part of your essay where you have to reveal the facts to support your thesis (to give validity to your thesis). You may arrange the body of your historic essay in the following ways: the chronological the categorical the stages of development In the conclusion, you have to sum up everything that was mentioned in the introduction and the body. You have to some extend to refresh all the main points that support your thesis. And some last tips to make your history essay a  successful one: use compact language. Assigned to write a history essay? Here is a great list of topics for your essay on history: History Essay Topics Having no idea of a topic to write on? Or having problems with composing your history essay?  Order your history essay online.

Cost Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cost Leadership - Essay Example Its lines of communication, management control systems, and compensation systems must all follow a functional or U-form structure where the CEO acts like an orchestra conductor who coordinates everyone and everything taking place within the firm. This ensures that all stages of the value chain contribute to the cost leadership strategy and that not a single employee or manager or operating process is out of line. A functional structure is hard work, but it is the best way to ensure that the company implements its strategy without hitches or with as few difficulties as possible. A functional structure is flat, simple, and lean, allowing everyone to focus on a narrow set of high-value activities. This structure is also highly quantitative because management has to control all costs very closely. This structure also helps everyone maintain a cost leadership focus and mentality, which would be difficult if there are too many people doing too many things. It would also help that cost savings are shared with everyone in the organization as incentives. Firms with a cost leadership strategy usually operate internationally to:

Future Technology - Free Energy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Future Technology - Free Energy - Research Paper Example The increase in human population has not only increased demand for commodities but has also mechanized production of most commodities such as eatables. Nowadays it is very common to find totally mechanized farms and factories. Thus it is obvious that the sector most affected by this phenomenon is the energy sectors. The high demand due to increase in population and increase in mechanization of human life has exerted very high strain on these non renewable resources of energy. The oil supply of the world is dwindling throughout. It is expected that humans would completely run out of this source of energy in a few more decades. This high demand for energy has created chaos in the modern world. There have been millions of lives lost in the war for oil and if the current crisis continues worse is yet to come. In this scenario the world has to find new sources of energy which can be distributed without cost to the entire world. Only such a massive source of energy can fulfill the current needs of energy and contain the crises that stems from it. The question thus arises that what could be such a source of energy which fulfills all needs of human race and that too without be expensive. The usual answer is nuclear energy. The perception that nuclear energy is totally free is very false. First of all uranium is the basic fuel used for nuclear power plants. This fuel like other non renewable resources is an element found from earth and is thus limited in supply. This limit also makes it one of the most expensive elements in the world. Nuclear energy can be every damaging due to disposal of nuclear waste. Thus we can say that environmental costs of nuclear energy are very high. The only feasible option is thus solar energy. This form of energy is the core energy which is behind the formation of life in the world. Everything that we see around us is because of solar energy. The crops use this energy to grow and also with the photosynthesis process

Banner advocating on the Internet Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Banner advocating on the Internet - Thesis Example In this essence,this study suggested and empirically checked a form to study the consequences proficiency of the ratio of Internet users to Web advertising.The outcomes displayed that users of high communal avoidance motivation to perform a favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocatingBecause of the insight of amusement users with the proficiency to perform Internet favorable mind-set in the direction of online advocating due to the seen data content, and users with the motivation to shop a high affirmative mind-set in the direction of Internet advertising, both for amusement and data content of seen perceived. Purpose Advertising is paid, if not individual connection promoter recognized utilizing mass newspapers to convince or leverage an audience. Ads comprise of a large number of choices, which encompass advocating, public relatives, merchandise position, sponsorship, subscriptions and sales. All productive entails likely is utilized to consign these messages: TV, wirel ess, videos, publications, bulletins, Internet and billboards. Significance Estimates of Web users proceed from 9 to 35 million persons in the United States. Internet and a mesh of interconnected computers www permit electrical devices transmission of data, encompassing advertising. Millions of persons round the world have get access to the Internet and www. Thousands of advertisers are rotating to the Internet as a promise entails to encourage their emblems and sales transactions. Interactive advocating is characterized as including all types of newspapers that permit the client (which is no longer a "receptor" in the customary form of passive connection) to command the allowance and pace of data that he or she would like to buy financial interests. The client can select to spend one second or 15 minutes to post. The second demand happens when the button is banged, the client and source of enterprise data engaged and take back the exchange of data describing, other than dispatching and obtaining (p.394). Interactivity is a key device world broad web devices, online advocating, it disagrees from customary advertising. Phillips (2011 395-4) utilized six pieces to work out the interactivity of: (a) the complexity of alternatives accessible, (b) the number of users expanded, (c) assessing the reactivity of the university scholar (i) the proficiency to use supervising facts and numbers, (e) alleviate of supplementing data, and (e) the proficiency to help interpersonal communication. Goolsbee (2000 561–76) characterises interactivity as the span to which users can take part in altering the pattern and content of the mediated natural environment in genuine time. The share of online advocating rises spectacularly every day. Internet advocating incomes extend to augment at an unprecedented stride, with a 36% boost in the first half of 2006. The first six months of 2006 strike $ 7.9 billion and Q2 (quarter) passes $ 4 billion. 2 quarter 2006 profits comprise a b oost of 5, 5% in 1st quarter of 2006. Search for suppliers seeking to find a procedure of estimation and evaluation, which would permit the trading with the data they require about customers. In 1996, advertisers are encouraging websites utilizing customary media. Now online advocating is a multimedia world. Banners emerge in its own browser window, your advertisements emerge on the computer display before the sheet completed stacking, advocating cut off the online sport and other interactions, and the pictures are alike to TV advertising. Internet advocating is evolving more varied as the sites to rendezvous the more customary advertisers, "and gaze for modes to better rendezvous the desires of advertisers. Using the Internet as Medium The Internet has become a warm new market space. It is rather clear that advertisers can not disregard this medium. Over 50% of the American community, or 165 million persons had Internet get access to at dwelling, in July 2001. Similarly, the

How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918 Essay Example for Free

How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918 Essay Introduction How far did World War One effect the lives of people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918? World War One had many short-term effects on the people living in Britain between 1914 and 1918, some small and others large. However, I do not think that it had any large long-term effects, on Britain or on the people living in Britain at that time apart from on womens social standing. First I will look at large, short-term effects. D.O.R.A Or the Defense Of the Realm Act had quite a large-scale effect on Britain. It was also the cause of many other issues to be discussed in this essay, such as rationing. It originally began by allowing the government to control many aspects of the country completely; they could take over industries, factories and even people private land and houses for use in the war. They could also control how much people found out about the war through censorship. One of the first things the government did under DORA was to take control of the coal industry, and turn it towards helping the war effort, rather than putting money in private peoples pockets. During the war more changes were made, a lot of them affecting many aspects of peoples daily lives, under DORA people could not: Talk about military matters in public or spread rumors about military affairs anywhere Trespass on railways, bridges or allotments Fly kites or light bonfires or fireworks Buy binoculars Melt down gold or silver Give bread to dogs, chickens or horses Use invisible ink when writing abroad Buy whiskey or brandy in a railway refreshment room or a similar place Ring church bells As you can see there is a long list of things people were not allowed to do, as well as the government having the new powers already mentioned, the government also ordered for beer to be watered down, pub opening hours to be shortened and to not let people buy rounds or drinks in a pub. They also introduced the idea of putting the clocks forward by 1 hour during the summer, so that people could work longer while it was still light. These things altogether had quite a large short-term affect on the people of Britain, so much so that by the end of the war, people were used to the government controlling their lives completely, clearly this is something rather detrimental to Britain, it meant people could not always do what they wanted to do, restricting their right to free will. They could not fly kites, ring church bells, buy binoculars etc, and all of these smaller things, coupled with the larger things would have made a big difference to the people of Britain. I say D.O.R.A was a large short-term effect because at the end of the war, most of the acts passed under DORA were removed, the state no longer controlled buildings, or aspects of daily lives, apart from the new pub opening hours, which remained in effect until 1989, even though they were meant only for the war. DORA also had many other effects, which are in themselves issues to be discussed in this essay: Rationing Another example of Doras power can be seen in the form of rationing, because the government was able to take over and control land, they could take over farm land and turn its usage to producing what they wanted to be produced. They hired women to work the land (because men were away fighting), and did this in order to keep the country fed, but by 1917 the situation had become dire, German U-Boats were sinking one in every four of our supply ships, and there simply was not enough food for everyone to have exactly what they wanted. Food prices rose to double what they were in 1914, and since people had not asked for higher wages because they had wanted to support the war, they could not afford to pay. Rich people bought much more than they needed and hoarded it, whilst poorer people could not even afford to buy bread. Shops closed early because their stocks had run dry, and there were serious strikes over poverty level wages. The government then attempted to encourage people to economies on their food usage; leaflets, posters and articles were produced to try to get people to save as much food, particularly bread as possible. But none of their measures proved to be effective, so rationing was introduced, this meant that everyone had a set weekly allowance of food, comprising of sugar, meat, butter and beer, and they were issued with coupons that enabled them to get their set amount of food. As it turned out, by the end of the war, people were actually more healthy than they had been at the start, because they were eating a more balanced diet, the rich and the poor could only get the same amount of food as each other, so it also proved to be a much fairer method of supplying everyone in the country with enough food to live on. This was another short term affect, one under DORA, as once the war was over and the food supply was back to operational speed again, rationing ended and people were able to get as much, or as little food as they were able to before. Propaganda This will have had a much larger affect on the mind of the British citizen than any other effect of the war, although not being able to eat exactly what you wanted or do exactly what you wanted, these things were more physical when compared to propaganda, which had large physiological affects on people. DORA gave the government the right to control newspapers and other forms of media, in order to limit what the civilian population found out about the war. During the first few months of the war, where thousands of men were dieing in terrible ways, the government only reported good news, no reporter could go to France or to Belgium, and the control the government had was so incredibly totalitarian, they even kept the house of commons in the dark as to the full reality of the front line. For the first two years of the war most propaganda was rather crude, with many tales of British heroism and German atrocities, all highly patriotic, and completely supportive of the war. However as popular opinion changed the government had to adapt their propaganda strategies to cope with it. In 1916, appalling losses were being made at the battle of the Somme, with thousands of soldiers on both sides dieing daily, the government took this opportunity to attempt to show the people what the war was really like. What they filmed however was pre staged mock battles and scenes of soldiers going of the top bravely, and achieving much, they also showed pictures of dead and wounded men, something that had never been done before. This supposedly wakened a lot of people up to the harsh realities of the war, they were seeing so much that shocked and disgusted them, when really most of the footage was fake, and only half of the true story was being told. Propaganda was a powerful short term effect on what people thought of the war, it meant that because people did not know the full harsh reality of war, they kept on supporting it, it is likely that had the real story been told from the outset, the people may well have decided against the war. In its defense however, propaganda helped to keep the morale in Britain up when things were going badly, as the government could easily churn out a patriotic poster, or an awe inspiring leaflet. Below is a large effect, which had a lot more knock on effects than anything else. Women At War The countries male population had been severely reduced, because they were all out fighting on the front lines, so there were very few men left to farm, make munitions, and do all the other jobs that they used to do before the war, such as being a delivery driver. So women had to take over, the government formed the W.L.A or Womens Land Army, and women who signed up to this would work on farms around the country, planting, harvesting and looking after crops. They were also employed in industry, most commonly the munitions making industry, and as other forms of laborer. People found that the women were just as able to do the jobs as well as all the men were, and although they were not paid as high a wage as the men, the women found that they enjoyed working and earning a lot more money than they would have done in previous jobs, if they were employed at all. This was a much larger effect of the war, particularly as it led to women getting the vote in 1918 under the representation of the people act, they had proved they could do everything a man could do, and they had helped their country get through the war, although the right to vote was not given under equal terms until 1928, 10 years later, up until then only land owning women over 30 could vote. Women working in previously male jobs also led to help in the breakdown of the class system, because all women were involved, a rich land owner could be working on the field or in the factory right next to a poor dressmakers daughter. They found that it was possible to make friends with the lower classes, and most thoroughly enjoyed it. The same was happening to the male population, as all soldiers on the front line were equal unless they were higher up in the chain of command, so a rich man could find himself in a position of having his life saved by a poor lower class man, or vice versa. Some smaller, short-term changes Conscription A conscription act was issued in 1916, this stated that all men aged between 18 and 41 had to fight in the war, there was no option, because although at the start of the war they could not get people out to the front lines fast enough, as it carried on, the numbers of people wishing to lose their life for Haig and country began to dwindle, so conscription was the only thing that would ensure a steady flow of soldiers to be. After this all married men had to fight as well, and this then led to a huge shortage of workers in vital industries, which then led to women taking their places in the workplace, which then led to women getting the vote, and the eventual breakdown of the class system. Of course some people did not want to fight at all, even when they had to, these people were called conscientious objectors or conchies for short, however they did have to prove that they were really objecting to fighting for a reason of conscience, e.g. their religion or a deeply held belief that war is wrong. A lot of conchies were very badly treated, a lot were banded as criminals and placed in jail, some not even let out after the war was long over, and others could even be shot for being traitors. This was the first time conscription had been introduced in Britain, but like many other things, when the war finished, so did conscription. Conclusion There were many things that the First World War affected in Britain: food, the way people viewed the war, lively hoods and more were all altered in some way, most of the effects were temporary though, after the war they simply went away, and people went back to how it used to be before the war. All except for one effect, the way women had been treated before the war was as housewives and maids, fit only to do womens work at home, or at somebody elses home, they were thought of as the child bearers, and nothing much else. The war allowed women to prove they could be more than just that, after the war there were 400,000 less maids than there had been before it, women knew now that they could do whatever men could do, and do it well also. For their hard work, women won the vote, and eventually on equal terms as men, however, all did not change instantly, when the war finished many women went back to what they used to be doing, and the men came back to their old jobs as well, but I do not think this matters, as the ball had already been set rolling, women had proved that they were mans equals, and they could, and would do it again. I do not thing that World War One deserves to be called a Total War when compared to World War Two, although compared to previous wars such as the Boer war and the Napoleonic wars, World War One was the closest that had come to being a total war, people were much more involved in it than they ever had been before, there was conscription, bombing, women were commissioned to work in jobs previously only ever done by men, and the civilian population was being constantly bombarded by hundreds of propaganda messages. This was something people had never experienced before, never had a civilian felt so touched, so involved by the war, never had women worked in factories or had the vote, and civilians had never been bombed as they lay in bed before. Yet, compared to World War Two, WW1 was not total war, the bombing was really not at all severe, neither were the casualties, the weapons, the rationing or the everyday dangers when put next to World War Twos figures.

The US-Mexico Border :: American America History

The US-Mexico Border International borders have always been centers of conflict, and the U.S.-Mexican border is no exception. With the European colonizing the New World, it was a matter of time before the powers collided. The Spanish settled what is today Mexico, while the English settled what is to day the United States. When the two colonial powers did meet what is today the United States' Southwest, it was not England and Spain. Rather the two powers were the United States and Mexico. Both Counties had broken off from their mother countries. The conflict that erupted between the two countries where a direct result of different nation policies. The United States had a policy of westward expansion, while Mexico had a policy of self protection. The Americans never had a written policy of expansion. What they had was the idea of "Manifest Destiny." Manifest Destiny was the belief that the United States had the right to expand westward to the Pacific ocean. On the other hand, Mexico was a new country wanti ng to protect itself from outside powers. Evidence of U.S. expansion is seen with the independence of Texas from Mexico. The strongest evidence of U.S. expansion goals is with the Mexican-American War. From the beginning, the war was conceived as an opportunity for land expansion. Mexico feared the United States expansion goals. During the 16th century, the Spanish began to settle the region. The Spanish had all ready conquered and settled Central Mexico. Now they wanted to expand their land holdings north. The first expedition into the region, that is today the United States Southwest, was with Corando. Corando reported a region rich in resources, soon after people started to settle the region. The driving force behind the settlement was silver in the region. The Spanish settled the region through three major corridors; central, western and eastern. The first settlements were mainly through the central corridor. The Spanish went thorough what is now the modern Mexican state of Chihuahua into the U.S. state of New Mexico. Eventually the Spanish established the city of Santa Fe in 1689. The eastern corridor was through modern day Texas and led to the establishment of San Antonio. The eastern expansion was caused by the French expansion into modern day Louisiana. The Spanish crown wanted a buffer between the French in Louisiana and central Mexico. The last corridor of expansion was in the west, through the sea, which led to the establishment of San Diego in 1769 and Los Angles in 1781.

My Achievement Family Essay

Everybody has their own personal experience and has their own achievement throughout their lives. My achievement just happens to be when I saved my father’s life. On April 8th-13th, during Spring Break of 2008, we were living in Yorktown, Virginia and my family and I decided to take a vacation to Goldsboro, North Carolina to celebrate my 15th birthday. It is also a place to go swimming and ride ATV’s (four-wheelers), dirt-bikes, go-carts etc. This fantastic place is called â€Å"Busco Beach†. When driving, it only takes four to five hours to get there, depending on traffic. When we arrived, we unloaded the four-wheelers off the trailer, set the camper up for all of us to sleep in, and we had such a fantastic time until the third day there. That day started out terrific. We rode ATV’s all around Busco Beach, went to the concession stand where they have cheese-sticks with mozzarella sauce, hotdogs, nachos, and lots more. I always ended up getting the cheese-sticks with mozzarella sauce because they were always delicious. That day, every moment of every second was an exciting eventful day until that night. My family decided to take an all together family ride, but my mom ended up going back to the campsite early to make dinner. My mother had left, and my brother and I asked our father if we could play tag. He said yes; therefore, we ended up playing tag for a little while, and we all started to get hungry. My brother and I mentioned to our father that we were hungry, and he agreed. We stopped playing tag, and began to head back to our campsite. When my brother and I got back to the campsite, something did not feel right. I looked back behind me and noticed that my father was not around. I developed a gut wrenching feeling something was wrong, and that’s when I heard my father’s whistle. Still hearing my father whistling, and without any hesitation, I rushed to him as quickly as possible and saw him on the ground writhing. All soaked, from head to toe, he continuously patted his head and stomach to keep himself from passing out. The four-wheeler was flipped onto its side halfway in the water. I grabbed my phone and dialed 911. The ambulance came and took him away to the hospital. The doctors had informed us that my father’s bones were sticking out of his left leg and needed to go into surgery ASAP. They also said that if I would not have gone back for him, he would not have made it. We decided to go home the next day because we knew he would be in a lot of pain and that he needed his rest. The next day came, and we asked him what exactly happened. My father ended up saying he â€Å"blacked out†. A couple weeks have passed, and I have received an award from the United States Coast Guard (USCG) where my father worked. I have received this award for being a brave young lady and for being a hero. When I found my father lying on the ground, I was extremely terrified he would not have made it with all the gruesome things that have happened to him. What happened to my father was the most terrifying thing I have ever seen. Going through this experience has changed my life, and knowing that this had happened to my father, it could happen to anyone. I do not want any family going through the same experience I have gone through, and I especially do not want anybody getting hurt as my father has. I’m very grateful my father is because if I would not have heard him whistling, or felt that something was not right, he would not be here on this earth today. I have thanked God many times for not taking my father away from his family, and I hope no one has to go through what I went through.

Case Study Essay

If I could describe McDonald’s business strategy in one word, I would definitely say ‘smart’. And I mean that in the best-rounded way. I very strongly agree with McDonald’s CEO, Steve Easterbrook, when he says, â€Å"If you get the people right, the rest will follow†. I believe that it is all a domino effect in the way an organization works; happy employees make for better production. McDonalds has proven itself as a good employer because of its five â€Å"people principles† that focus on keeping the employee happy and comfortable first and foremost. I think that they are successful because of the way they hire their employees. Because McDonalds strives for excellent service and quality, they work hard at finding the correct employees and retaining them, thus creating an experienced and capable taskforce. 2. McDonalds has aligned its business, human resource, and staffing strategies by connecting all three of these fields to one main source: the employees. By raising its hiring standards, McDonalds has hired, trained, and retained employees that are enthusiastic about giving their all to the customer. 3. Some possible talent-related threats that could eat away at McDonald’s competitive advantage would be when their teenage employees are ready to move on to other companies where they can build a career. Higher turnover would definitely be a problem for all companies, not just McDonalds. I don’t believe a tight labor market in which it is difficult to find talented people would be a problem for McDonalds because you don’t have to be highly educated or have any educational qualifications to work at the company. To maintain its competitive advantage over the next five years, I recommend that McDonalds simply continue doing what they are doing. They look for all the ri ght qualities and potential in their employees, so I believe they will always be successful on the ‘people part’.